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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. EN 2.4650 Nickel

ASTM A321 carbon steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4650 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4650 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 21
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
480
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Shear Strength, MPa 420
730
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
1090
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
650

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1010
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1350
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
450
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
80
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
10
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
360

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
320
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
1030
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
36
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
28
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
33

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0.3 to 0.6
Boron (B), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.040 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0
19 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
19 to 21
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.2
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
0 to 0.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
5.6 to 6.1
Nickel (Ni), % 0
46.9 to 54.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.0070
Titanium (Ti), % 0
1.9 to 2.4