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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1049 Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and SAE-AISI 1049 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1049 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
200 to 220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
11 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
250 to 400
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 39
34 to 46
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 420
420 to 450
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
680 to 750
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
370 to 640

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
75 to 99
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
370 to 1090
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
24 to 27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
22 to 23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
22 to 24

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.46 to 0.53
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
98.5 to 98.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050