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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. SAE-AISI 1086 Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and SAE-AISI 1086 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1086 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
220 to 260
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
300 to 360
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 39
28 to 45
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 420
450 to 520
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
760 to 870
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
480 to 580

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
240
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
45

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
79 to 84
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
610 to 890
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
27 to 31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
24 to 26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
26 to 30

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0.8 to 0.93
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
98.5 to 98.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050