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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. S44401 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and S44401 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 78% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is S44401 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 420
300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
480
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
300

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
930
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
22
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
2.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
12
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
40
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
130

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
90
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
5.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.025
Chromium (Cr), % 0
17.5 to 19.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
75.1 to 80.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.8 to 2.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 1.0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.035
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.2 to 0.8