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ASTM A321 Carbon Steel vs. S45500 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A321 carbon steel and S45500 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 76% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel and the bottom bar is S45500 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
280 to 500
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
3.4 to 11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270
570 to 890
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Reduction in Area, % 39
34 to 45
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
75
Shear Strength, MPa 420
790 to 1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670
1370 to 1850
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390
1240 to 1700

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
760
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
17
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
57
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
120

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
45 to 190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
48 to 65
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
35 to 42
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
48 to 64

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.55
0 to 0.050
Chromium (Cr), % 0
11 to 12.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
1.5 to 2.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 99.25
71.5 to 79.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
7.5 to 9.5
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.5
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.8 to 1.4