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ASTM A372 Grade A Steel vs. EN 2.4951 Nickel

ASTM A372 grade A steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4951 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade A steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4951 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 22
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 320
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
750
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
60
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
9.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
130
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
280

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 95
200
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 200
190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
23

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.3
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.3
0.080 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0 to 5.0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.85
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
65.4 to 81.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.2 to 0.6