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ASTM A372 Grade G Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A372 grade G steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade G steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 280
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 20 to 22
15 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 380
430 to 610
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 570
550 to 840
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 650 to 910
890 to 1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 550
710 to 1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.2
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 49
120

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 130 to 160
140 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 500 to 810
1270 to 2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 23 to 32
32 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 27
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 27
28 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.25 to 0.35
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0.4 to 0.65
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 98.4
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.030

Comparable Variants