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ASTM A372 Grade G Steel vs. R30816 Cobalt

ASTM A372 grade G steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30816 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade G steel and the bottom bar is R30816 cobalt.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 280
280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 20 to 22
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 380
250
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.3
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
81
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 650 to 910
1020
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 550
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1540
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1460
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
420
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
20
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
320
Embodied Water, L/kg 49
440

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 130 to 160
190
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 500 to 810
510
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 23 to 32
31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 27
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
3.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 27
28

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.25 to 0.35
0.32 to 0.42
Chromium (Cr), % 0.4 to 0.65
19 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
40 to 49.8
Iron (Fe), % 97.4 to 98.4
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 1.0
1.0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
3.5 to 4.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
19 to 21
Niobium (Nb), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.030
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Tungsten (W), % 0
3.5 to 4.5