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ASTM A372 Grade H Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A372 grade H steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade H steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 280
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 20 to 22
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 380
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 570
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 650 to 910
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 550
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 45
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 49
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 130 to 160
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 23 to 32
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21 to 27
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 27
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.3 to 0.4
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0.4 to 0.65
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 97.3 to 98.3
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.1
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3