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ASTM A372 Grade K Steel vs. Austempered Cast Iron

Both ASTM A372 grade K steel and austempered cast iron are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel and the bottom bar is austempered cast iron.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 230
270 to 490
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
180
Elongation at Break, % 23
1.1 to 13
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
62 to 69
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 780
860 to 1800
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 620
560 to 1460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1340
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 48
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.4
2.9
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
1.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 24
25
Embodied Water, L/kg 57
48

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
19 to 95
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1010
880 to 3970
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
32 to 66
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
27 to 44
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23
25 to 53

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.050
Arsenic (As), % 0
0 to 0.020
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.18
3.4 to 3.8
Chromium (Cr), % 1.0 to 1.8
0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 93.4 to 96.6
89.6 to 94
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0 to 0.040
Manganese (Mn), % 0.1 to 0.4
0.3 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.6
0 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 2.0 to 3.3
0 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.040
Selenium (Se), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
2.3 to 2.7
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.020
Tin (Sn), % 0
0 to 0.020
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 0.1