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ASTM A372 Grade K Steel vs. Grey Cast Iron

Both ASTM A372 grade K steel and grey cast iron are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel and the bottom bar is grey cast iron.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 230
160 to 300
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
180
Elongation at Break, % 23
9.6
Fatigue Strength, MPa 440
69 to 170
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
69
Shear Strength, MPa 490
180 to 610
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 780
160 to 450
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 620
98 to 290

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1180
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 48
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.9
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.4
1.9
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 24
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 57
44

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
13 to 37
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1010
27 to 240
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
5.8 to 17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
8.7 to 17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23
6.0 to 17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.18
3.1 to 3.4
Chromium (Cr), % 1.0 to 1.8
0
Iron (Fe), % 93.4 to 96.6
92.1 to 93.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.1 to 0.4
0.5 to 0.7
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.6
0
Nickel (Ni), % 2.0 to 3.3
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.9
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
2.5 to 2.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.15