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ASTM A372 Grade K Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4320 Steel

Both ASTM A372 grade K steel and SAE-AISI 4320 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade K steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 230
160 to 240
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 23
21 to 29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 440
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 490
370 to 500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 780
570 to 790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 620
430 to 460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 440
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 48
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.9
8.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.4
3.4
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
1.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 24
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 57
52

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
140 to 150
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1010
480 to 560
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
20 to 28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
19 to 24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23
19 to 27

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.18
0.17 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 1.0 to 1.8
0.4 to 0.6
Iron (Fe), % 93.4 to 96.6
95.8 to 97
Manganese (Mn), % 0.1 to 0.4
0.45 to 0.65
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.6
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 2.0 to 3.3
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.040