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ASTM A372 Grade L Steel vs. AISI 444 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM A372 grade L steel and AISI 444 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 79% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade L steel and the bottom bar is AISI 444 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 350
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 14
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 670
210
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 700
300
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1160
470
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1040
310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
930
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
23
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.5
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.6
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.5
15
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.7
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 22
47
Embodied Water, L/kg 54
130

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 150
95
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2890
240
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 41
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
6.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 34
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0 to 0.025
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 0.9
17.5 to 19.5
Iron (Fe), % 95.2 to 96.3
73.3 to 80.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.8
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
1.8 to 2.5
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.2 to 0.8
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.035
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.2 to 0.8