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ASTM A372 Grade M Steel vs. Type 4 Niobium

ASTM A372 grade M steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 niobium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 240 to 280
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 18 to 21
23
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.4
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
38
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810 to 910
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 660 to 770
140

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.6
Embodied Water, L/kg 61
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 160
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1140 to 1580
93
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.8
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29 to 32
7.2
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
9.5
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 24 to 27
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.23
0 to 0.010
Chromium (Cr), % 1.5 to 2.0
0
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 0.020
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0015
Iron (Fe), % 92.5 to 95.1
0 to 0.010
Manganese (Mn), % 0.2 to 0.4
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.4 to 0.6
0 to 0.050
Nickel (Ni), % 2.8 to 3.9
0 to 0.0050
Niobium (Nb), % 0
98.1 to 99.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.025
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.5
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 0.080
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2