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ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 140 to 160
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 25
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190 to 230
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 300 to 330
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 470 to 520
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 310
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 110
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 250
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 16 to 18
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17 to 18
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 15
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.17
0 to 0.55
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.2
0
Iron (Fe), % 97 to 98.2
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 0.65
0.6 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.45 to 0.6
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.050