ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. EN 1.7233 Steel
Both ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and EN 1.7233 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.7233 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 140 to 160 | |
| 210 to 290 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 25 | |
| 18 to 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 190 to 230 | |
| 270 to 530 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 300 to 330 | |
| 450 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 470 to 520 | |
| 700 to 960 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 310 | |
| 380 to 780 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 39 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 7.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 8.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.8 | |
| 3.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 | |
| 21 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 53 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 2.7 | |
| 3.3 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 110 | |
| 110 to 200 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 250 | |
| 380 to 1630 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 16 to 18 | |
| 25 to 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 18 | |
| 22 to 28 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 15 | |
| 21 to 28 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.17 | |
| 0.39 to 0.45 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.2 | |
| 1.2 to 1.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97 to 98.2 | |
| 96.2 to 97.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 0.65 | |
| 0.4 to 0.7 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.45 to 0.6 | |
| 0.5 to 0.7 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |