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ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. CR004A Copper

ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while CR004A copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is CR004A copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
120
Elongation at Break, % 25
15
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
43
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 470 to 520
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 310
130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
210
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1090
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1040
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
390
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
380
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
100
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
100

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.8
31
Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
2.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
41
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
320

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 110
29
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 250
76
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
7.2
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 16 to 18
6.8
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17 to 18
9.0
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
110
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 15
7.8

Alloy Composition

Bismuth (Bi), % 0
0 to 0.00050
Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.17
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.2
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
99.9 to 100
Iron (Fe), % 97 to 98.2
0
Lead (Pb), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 0.65
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.45 to 0.6
0
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.4
0
Silver (Ag), % 0
0 to 0.015
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0