ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. C17500 Copper
ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C17500 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is C17500 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 25 | |
| 6.0 to 30 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 190 to 230 | |
| 170 to 310 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 45 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 300 to 330 | |
| 200 to 520 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 470 to 520 | |
| 310 to 860 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 310 | |
| 170 to 760 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 220 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 220 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1060 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1020 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 200 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 24 to 53 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 24 to 54 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.8 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 4.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 | |
| 73 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 320 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 110 | |
| 30 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 250 | |
| 120 to 2390 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.5 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 16 to 18 | |
| 9.7 to 27 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 18 | |
| 11 to 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 59 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 15 | |
| 11 to 29 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Beryllium (Be), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.7 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 2.4 to 2.7 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 95.6 to 97.2 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97 to 98.2 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 0.65 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.45 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |