ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. C96400 Copper-nickel
ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C96400 copper-nickel belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is C96400 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 51 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 470 to 520 | |
| 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 310 | |
| 260 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 260 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1240 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1170 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 28 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 15 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 5.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 5.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.8 | |
| 45 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 5.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 | |
| 87 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 280 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 110 | |
| 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 250 | |
| 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 8.6 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 16 to 18 | |
| 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 18 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 7.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 15 | |
| 17 |
Alloy Composition
Deprecated: Automatic conversion of false to array is deprecated in /home/public/compare.php on line 460
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 62.3 to 71.3 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97 to 98.2 | |
| 0.25 to 1.5 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 0.65 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.45 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |