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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. Grade 38 Titanium

ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 38 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is grade 38 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 21
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160 to 250
530
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
40
Shear Strength, MPa 310 to 370
600
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
1000
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230 to 350
910

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
410
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
330
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1620
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1570
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
550
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
8.0
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
9.3

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.6
1.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.8
2.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
36
Density, g/cm3 7.9
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
35
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
560
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 110
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 140 to 320
3840
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
62
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
49
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
3.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
72

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
1.2 to 1.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
89.9 to 93.1
Vanadium (V), % 0
2.0 to 3.0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4