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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. Grade VDC Steel

Both ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and grade VDC steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is grade VDC steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150 to 180
510
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
1700

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.6
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.8
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
1.9
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
47

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
60
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
40
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
50

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0.6 to 0.75
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.060
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
98.3 to 99.35
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0.5 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.15 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.020