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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. Nickel 685

ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 685 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is nickel 685.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150 to 180
350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 21
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160 to 250
470
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
77
Shear Strength, MPa 310 to 370
770
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
1250
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230 to 350
850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
1000
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
75
Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
10
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
340

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 110
190
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 140 to 320
1820
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
42
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
3.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
37

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
1.2 to 1.6
Boron (B), % 0
0.0030 to 0.010
Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0.030 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
12 to 15
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
0 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
3.5 to 5.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
49.6 to 62.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
2.8 to 3.3
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0.020 to 0.12