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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. Nickel 686

ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 686 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is nickel 686.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
220
Elongation at Break, % 21
51
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160 to 250
410
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
77
Shear Strength, MPa 310 to 370
560
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
780
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230 to 350
350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
980
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1340
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
420
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
9.8
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.6
1.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.8
1.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
70
Density, g/cm3 7.9
9.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
12
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
170
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
300

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 110
320
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 140 to 320
280
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
2.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0 to 0.010
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
19 to 23
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0 to 0.75
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
15 to 17
Nickel (Ni), % 0
49.5 to 63
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.080
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.020
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.020 to 0.25
Tungsten (W), % 0
3.0 to 4.4