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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. C55181 Copper

ASTM A387 grade 21 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C55181 copper belongs to the copper alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (13, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is C55181 copper.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
40
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
200

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
190
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
790
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
710
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
410
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
16

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
28
Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
2.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
38
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
290

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
7.0
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
19
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
6.5
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
8.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
8.2

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
92.4 to 93
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
7.0 to 7.5
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15