ASTM A387 Grade 91 Class 2 vs. Grade 19 Titanium
ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 19 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 91 class 2 and the bottom bar is grade 19 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 5.6 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 | |
| 550 to 620 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 75 | |
| 47 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 | |
| 550 to 750 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 670 | |
| 890 to 1300 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 600 | |
| 370 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1600 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 520 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 26 | |
| 6.2 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 9.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 7.0 | |
| 45 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 5.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.6 | |
| 47 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 37 | |
| 760 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 88 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 70 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 580 | |
| 3040 to 5530 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 | |
| 49 to 72 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 41 to 53 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 6.9 | |
| 2.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 57 to 83 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 3.0 to 4.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.080 to 0.12 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 8.0 to 9.5 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 87.3 to 90.3 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.85 to 1.1 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0.060 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0.030 to 0.070 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.12 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.2 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 71.1 to 77 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.18 to 0.25 | |
| 7.5 to 8.5 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |