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ASTM A414 Steel vs. 3105 Aluminum

ASTM A414 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3105 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A414 steel and the bottom bar is 3105 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 110 to 180
29 to 67
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
69
Elongation at Break, % 15 to 26
1.1 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140 to 260
39 to 95
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 230 to 370
77 to 140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 360 to 590
120 to 240
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 190 to 350
46 to 220

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
180
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
640
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 49 to 50
170
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2 to 7.3
44
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3 to 8.4
140

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.2
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8 to 7.9
2.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5 to 1.6
8.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20 to 22
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 48
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 69 to 130
2.6 to 19
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 100 to 330
15 to 340
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 13 to 21
12 to 24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 14 to 20
20 to 31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
68
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11 to 17
5.2 to 11