ASTM A414 Steel vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel
Both ASTM A414 steel and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A414 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 110 to 180 | |
| 490 to 550 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 15 to 26 | |
| 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 to 260 | |
| 710 to 790 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 72 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 230 to 370 | |
| 1020 to 1140 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 360 to 590 | |
| 1690 to 1890 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 190 to 350 | |
| 1100 to 1230 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 49 to 50 | |
| 50 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 to 7.3 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 to 8.4 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.2 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 to 7.9 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 to 1.6 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 to 22 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 69 to 130 | |
| 200 to 230 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 100 to 330 | |
| 3260 to 4080 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 to 21 | |
| 60 to 67 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 20 | |
| 40 to 43 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 to 17 | |
| 54 to 60 |