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ASTM A414 Steel vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

Both ASTM A414 steel and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A414 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 110 to 180
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 15 to 26
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140 to 260
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 230 to 370
1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 360 to 590
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 190 to 350
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 49 to 50
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2 to 7.3
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3 to 8.4
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.2
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8 to 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5 to 1.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20 to 22
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 48
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 69 to 130
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 13 to 21
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 14 to 20
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11 to 17
53