ASTM A414 Steel vs. Grade 9 Titanium
ASTM A414 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 9 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A414 steel and the bottom bar is grade 9 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 15 to 26 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 140 to 260 | |
| 330 to 480 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 230 to 370 | |
| 430 to 580 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 360 to 590 | |
| 700 to 960 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 190 to 350 | |
| 540 to 830 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 330 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1590 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 550 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 49 to 50 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 9.1 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 to 7.3 | |
| 1.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 to 8.4 | |
| 2.7 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.2 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 to 7.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 to 1.6 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 to 22 | |
| 580 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 69 to 130 | |
| 89 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 100 to 330 | |
| 1380 to 3220 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 to 21 | |
| 43 to 60 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 20 | |
| 39 to 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 3.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 to 17 | |
| 52 to 71 |