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ASTM Grade HF Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both ASTM grade HF steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 69% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HF steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 29
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 200
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 77
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 550
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1000
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 16
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.4
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.2
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 46
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 150
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 130
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.2
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.4
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 18 to 23
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 60 to 73.8
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 12
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3