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ASTM Grade HK Steel vs. ACI-ASTM CA40F Steel

Both ASTM grade HK steel and ACI-ASTM CA40F steel are iron alloys. They have 66% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HK steel and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CA40F steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 11
13
Fatigue Strength, MPa 150
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
76
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
770
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
280
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 440
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
750
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1350
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
27
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
10

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.0
3.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.3
3.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 25
7.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 4.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 63
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
100

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 27
14
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 48
94
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 190
790
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.9
7.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11
28

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.6
0.2 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr), % 24 to 28
11.5 to 14
Iron (Fe), % 44.8 to 57.8
81.6 to 88.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 18 to 22
0 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0.2 to 0.4