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ASTM Grade HK Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM grade HK steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 70% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HK steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
200
Elongation at Break, % 11
15 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 150
430 to 610
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
890 to 1380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
710 to 1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
280
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 440
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
850
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1510
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1350
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.0
2.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.3
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 25
9.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 4.4
2.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 63
31
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
120

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 27
16
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 48
140 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 190
1270 to 2770
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
32 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
27 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.9
7.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11
28 to 43

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.6
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 24 to 28
15 to 17
Iron (Fe), % 44.8 to 57.8
78.2 to 83.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 18 to 22
1.3 to 2.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030