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ASTM Grade HK Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both ASTM grade HK steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 54% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HK steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 11
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 150
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1350
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.0
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.3
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 25
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 4.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 63
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 48
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.9
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.6
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 24 to 28
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 44.8 to 57.8
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 18 to 22
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3