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ASTM Grade HK Steel vs. EN 1.4451 Stainless Steel

Both ASTM grade HK steel and EN 1.4451 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 85% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HK steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4451 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
200
Elongation at Break, % 11
25
Fatigue Strength, MPa 150
370
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
750
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
540

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
300
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 440
450
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1350
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
17
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.0
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.3
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 25
20
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 4.4
3.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 63
53
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
190

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 27
39
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 48
170
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 190
710
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.9
4.5
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11
16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.6
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 24 to 28
25 to 27
Copper (Cu), % 0
2.8 to 3.5
Iron (Fe), % 44.8 to 57.8
56.2 to 64.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
2.5 to 3.5
Nickel (Ni), % 18 to 22
5.0 to 7.0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.12 to 0.22
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.025