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ASTM Grade HK Steel vs. Type 4 Niobium

ASTM grade HK steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HK steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 niobium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
110
Elongation at Break, % 11
23
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.4
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
38
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
140

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 15
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.6
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 48
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 190
93
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
6.8
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
7.2
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
9.5
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.9
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.6
0 to 0.010
Chromium (Cr), % 24 to 28
0
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 0.020
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0015
Iron (Fe), % 44.8 to 57.8
0 to 0.010
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 2.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.050
Nickel (Ni), % 18 to 22
0 to 0.0050
Niobium (Nb), % 0
98.1 to 99.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.025
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.5
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 0.050
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2