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AWS E310 vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both AWS E310 and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 51% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E310 and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 34
14
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 79
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 620
1790

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1400
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 14
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 14
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.4
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 26
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 4.6
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 65
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
51

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 22
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.7
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.080 to 0.2
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 25 to 28
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.75
0
Iron (Fe), % 44.5 to 53.9
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 1.0 to 2.5
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.75
0
Nickel (Ni), % 20 to 22.5
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.75
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3