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Automotive Malleable Cast Iron vs. ASTM A372 Grade M Steel

Both automotive malleable cast iron and ASTM A372 grade M steel are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is automotive malleable cast iron and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130 to 290
240 to 280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 180
190
Elongation at Break, % 1.0 to 10
18 to 21
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 70
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 350 to 720
810 to 910
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220 to 590
660 to 770

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 14
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.4
8.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.7
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
5.0
Density, g/cm3 7.6
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
27
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
61

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 6.8 to 30
160
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130 to 950
1140 to 1580
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 13 to 26
29 to 32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 14 to 24
24 to 27
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.9 to 21
24 to 27

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 2.2 to 2.9
0 to 0.23
Chromium (Cr), % 0
1.5 to 2.0
Iron (Fe), % 93.6 to 96.7
92.5 to 95.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.15 to 1.3
0.2 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.4 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 0
2.8 to 3.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0.020 to 0.15
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.9 to 1.9
0 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0.020 to 0.2
0 to 0.010
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 0.080