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Automotive Malleable Cast Iron vs. Grade VDC Steel

Both automotive malleable cast iron and grade VDC steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is automotive malleable cast iron and the bottom bar is grade VDC steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130 to 290
510
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 180
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 70
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 350 to 720
1700

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 14
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.4
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.7
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
1.9
Density, g/cm3 7.6
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
47

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 13 to 26
60
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 14 to 24
40
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.9 to 21
50

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 2.2 to 2.9
0.6 to 0.75
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.060
Iron (Fe), % 93.6 to 96.7
98.3 to 99.35
Manganese (Mn), % 0.15 to 1.3
0.5 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0.020 to 0.15
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.9 to 1.9
0.15 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0.020 to 0.2
0 to 0.020