Cold Drawn SAE-AISI 1016 vs. Cold Drawn SAE-AISI 1021
Both cold drawn SAE-AISI 1016 and cold drawn SAE-AISI 1021 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the cold worked (strain hardened) condition. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is cold drawn SAE-AISI 1016 and the bottom bar is cold drawn SAE-AISI 1021.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 140 | |
| 150 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 300 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 45 | |
| 46 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 320 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 480 | |
| 530 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 390 | |
| 450 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.0 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.0 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 92 | |
| 84 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 410 | |
| 530 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 15 | |
| 17 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.13 to 0.18 | |
| 0.18 to 0.23 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.8 to 99.27 | |
| 98.8 to 99.22 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |