EN 1.4451 (GX2CrNiMoCuN26-5-3-3) Cast Stainless Steel
EN 1.4451 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4451 is the EN numeric designation for this material. GX2CrNiMoCuN26-5-3-3 is the EN chemical designation.
It has the highest tensile strength among cast austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a fairly high thermal conductivity and a moderately high electrical conductivity.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4451 stainless steel to: cast austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
25 %
Fatigue Strength
370 MPa 54 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.27
Shear Modulus
80 GPa 12 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
750 MPa 110 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
540 MPa 78 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
300 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
450 °C 840 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
1100 °C 2010 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1430 °C 2610 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1380 °C 2520 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
17 W/m-K 9.6 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
17 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.5 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
20 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
53 MJ/kg 23 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
190 L/kg 22 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
39
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
170 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
710 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
27 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
23 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.5 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
16 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4451 stainless steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr) and including copper (Cu). Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance. Copper is primarily used to improve resistance to acids.
| Fe | 56.2 to 64.6 | |
| Cr | 25 to 27 | |
| Ni | 5.0 to 7.0 | |
| Cu | 2.8 to 3.5 | |
| Mo | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.5 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| N | 0.12 to 0.22 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| C | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.025 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ISO 4991: Steel castings for pressure purposes
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010