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EN 1.7321 Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both EN 1.7321 steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.7321 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150 to 170
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 490 to 1460
1790

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 45
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.5
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 50
51

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17 to 52
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 36
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 43
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.17 to 0.23
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0.3 to 0.6
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 97.1 to 98.4
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 1.0
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.4 to 0.5
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.3
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3