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EN AC-44400 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI H12 Steel

EN AC-44400 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI H12 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is EN AC-44400 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI H12 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 71
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
75
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 210
690 to 1850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 540
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 600
1480
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 590
1440
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 900
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
36
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 33
8.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 110
9.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 9.5
9.0
Density, g/cm3 2.6
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.8
2.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
41
Embodied Water, L/kg 1080
76

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 54
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 23
24 to 65
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
22 to 42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 60
9.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 9.8
22 to 60

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 87.1 to 92
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.3 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0
4.8 to 5.5
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.65
87.8 to 91.7
Lead (Pb), % 0 to 0.050
0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.1
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.5
0.2 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.3 to 1.8
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 8.0 to 11
0.8 to 1.2
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Tin (Sn), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.15
0
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.0 to 1.7
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 0.5
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.15
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0