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EN AC-45400 Aluminum vs. SAE-AISI H21 Steel

EN AC-45400 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys classification, while SAE-AISI H21 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is EN AC-45400 aluminum and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI H21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 72
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.33
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 27
76
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 260
720 to 1790

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 470
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 630
1630
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 560
1580
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 880
440
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 140
27
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 22
11

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 10
23
Density, g/cm3 2.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 7.8
4.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
68
Embodied Water, L/kg 1100
72

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 49
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25
23 to 58
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 32
21 to 38
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 54
7.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
24 to 59

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 88.4 to 92.9
0
Carbon (C), % 0
0.28 to 0.36
Chromium (Cr), % 0
3.0 to 3.8
Copper (Cu), % 2.6 to 3.6
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.6
87.6 to 93.8
Lead (Pb), % 0 to 0.1
0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0 to 0.050
0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.55
0.15 to 0.4
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.1
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 4.5 to 6.0
0.15 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Tin (Sn), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0 to 0.25
0
Tungsten (W), % 0
8.5 to 10
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.3 to 0.6
Zinc (Zn), % 0 to 0.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.15
0