Grade 16 Titanium vs. ASTM Grade HN Steel
Grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM grade HN steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HN steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 9.0 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
| 77 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
| 500 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 1080 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1400 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1350 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.2 | |
| 16 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 4.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 66 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
| 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 27 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.9 | |
| 3.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 29 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.2 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 19 to 23 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 44.9 to 57.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 23 to 27 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.8 to 99.96 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |