Grade 16 Titanium vs. ASTM Grade HP Steel
Grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM grade HP steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 16 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HP steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 5.1 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 240 | |
| 130 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
| 78 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 400 | |
| 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 340 | |
| 260 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1370 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1330 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.2 | |
| 16 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 5.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 82 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 220 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 86 | |
| 21 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 550 | |
| 170 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 | |
| 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 27 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.9 | |
| 3.2 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 29 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.35 to 0.75 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 24 to 28 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 29.2 to 42.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 33 to 37 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.8 to 99.96 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |