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Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A387 Grade 21L Class 1

Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 21L class 1 belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 21L class 1.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 140
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.0 to 17
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 550 to 660
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 51
74
Shear Strength, MPa 550 to 790
310
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 890 to 1340
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 870 to 1170
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 310
480
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1740
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1690
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 500
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 7.5
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 7.1
13

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 60
4.1
Density, g/cm3 5.4
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 32
1.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 490
23
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
62

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110 to 180
84
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2760 to 5010
140
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 32
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 46 to 69
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 38 to 50
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 2.8
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 66 to 100
14

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0
2.8 to 3.3
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
94.4 to 96.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 14 to 16
0.9 to 1.1
Niobium (Nb), % 2.2 to 3.2
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.17
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.25
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.025
Titanium (Ti), % 76 to 81.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0