Grade 21 Titanium vs. Grade 19 Titanium
Both grade 21 titanium and grade 19 titanium are titanium alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 19 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 5.6 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 550 to 620 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 47 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 550 to 750 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 890 to 1300 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 370 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1600 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 520 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 6.2 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 9.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 45 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 5.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 47 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 760 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 70 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 3040 to 5530 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 49 to 72 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 41 to 53 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 2.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 57 to 83 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 3.0 to 4.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.12 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 71.1 to 77 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 7.5 to 8.5 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |