Grade 21 Titanium vs. Type 4 Niobium
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while Type 4 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is Type 4 niobium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 23 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.4 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 38 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 220 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 140 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 310 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 270 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 7.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 8.6 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 160 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 93 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 6.8 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 7.2 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 9.5 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 18 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 21 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Hafnium (Hf), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.0015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 98.1 to 99.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |