Grade 28 Titanium vs. ASTM A387 Grade 11 Steel
Grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 11 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 28 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 11 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 200 to 250 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 to 590 | |
| 320 to 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 980 | |
| 500 to 600 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 810 | |
| 270 to 350 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 8.3 | |
| 39 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.3 | |
| 7.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.7 | |
| 8.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 2.9 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 37 | |
| 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 21 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 53 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 87 to 110 | |
| 100 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1370 to 3100 | |
| 200 to 320 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 61 | |
| 18 to 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 49 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.4 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 47 to 66 | |
| 15 to 18 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.050 to 0.17 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 1.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 96.2 to 97.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.65 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.45 to 0.65 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0.080 to 0.14 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 0.8 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.4 to 95.4 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |