Grade 28 Titanium vs. EN 1.4945 Stainless Steel
Grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.4945 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 28 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.4945 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 19 to 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 230 to 350 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 to 590 | |
| 430 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 980 | |
| 640 to 740 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 810 | |
| 290 to 550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 920 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1490 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1440 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 8.3 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.3 | |
| 2.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.7 | |
| 3.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 8.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 37 | |
| 5.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 73 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 87 to 110 | |
| 130 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1370 to 3100 | |
| 210 to 760 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 61 | |
| 22 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 49 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.4 | |
| 3.7 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 47 to 66 | |
| 14 to 16 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.040 to 0.1 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 15.5 to 17.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 57.9 to 65.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 15.5 to 17.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 1.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0.060 to 0.14 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0.080 to 0.14 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.4 to 95.4 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |